The S.C.C. held: the Charter applies to the VGFN and to its citizens, principally, but not only, because the VGFN is a government by nature; the circumstances here show that for Indigenous communities, s. 32(1) and s. 25 are intimately connected; it is true that the application of individual Charter rights to a self governing Indigenous community may be thought to inhibit the pursuit of rules designed to protect minority Indigenous rights and interests; but s. 25, by providing protection… [read post]