Prelude to Litigation Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) was a widely used direct α-adrenergic agonist used as a medication to control cold symptoms and to suppress appetite for weight loss.[1] In 1972, an over-the-counter (OTC) Advisory Review Panel considered the safety and efficacy of PPA-containing nasal decongestant medications, leading, in 1976, to a recommendation that the agency label these medications as “generally recognized as safe and effective. [read post]

Objective Standard: The Literal Approach Courts taking the literal approach have held that not even a handshake to “formalize the deal” outweighs strict contract language.[37] Rather, courts rely exclusively on the language of the letter and look to clear statements indicating a binding or non-binding effect.[38] These are organized into four broad categories[39] of letters of intent based on the intentions expressed by the parties: (1) Expressly Non-Binding: One or both parties… [read post]

(C071785; 39 Cal.App.5th 708; Yolo County Superior Court; CVCV091258.) [read post]