A 2019 epidemiological study has revealed that 9.2% of cattle and 18.2% of beef contain the pathogen.[2] Another recent study has estimated that the Gram-negative bacteria is present in up to 16% of North American cattle.[3] In a 2007 study by Stephens et al., Salmonella was isolated from all of the animals sampled, while Escherichia coli O157:H7 was only isolated from 42.5% of the animals.[4] Notably, 94% of oral cavity samples, 94% of hock samples, 88% of perineum samples, 86% of ventrum… [read post]