Thus, it has been held that collecting information about the movement of a vehicle on public thoroughfares by means of an electronic device attached to a vehicle's undercarriage, which does not damage the vehicle or invade its interior, does not constitute a search or seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment (see United States v Knotts, 460 U.S. at 281-282; United States v McIver, 186 F3d 1119, 1126-1127 [9th Cir 1999], cert denied 528 U.S. 1177 [2000];… [read post]